Neo-Liberal Hyperglobalism

Globalization is a significant subject of discussion of our period. Globalization can be characterized as the â€Å"global developing interconnectedness between economy, innovation, culture and political institutions† (Lofgren and Sarangi, 2009, pg. 57). This exposition will talk about how globalization can be useful for creating nations. By applying Neo-liberal Hyperglobalism, I will investigate and show the different helpful impacts of globalization through the instance of India and the change estimates they have as of late taken towards globalisation.Globalisation can give new chances to creating nations because of expanded access to created nation markets and innovation, bringing about improved profitability and higher expectations for everyday comforts (Balakrishnan, 2004). Following a significant monetary emergencies, India changed it’s economy in the mid nineties. Swelling had soared to a yearly pace of 17%, high monetary shortfall had become unreasonable and out side financial specialists trust in Indian Economy was low (Goyal, 2006, p. 167). It was these elements that put focus on the Indian government to require a total patch up of their monetary policies.Some of the significant changes made, as a component of the financial advancement and globalization technique, included government’s privatization and disinvestment in a dominant part of the open area endeavors, permitting outside direct speculation (FDI) across numerous businesses, the expulsion of quantitative limitations on imports and the decrease of customs tax from over 300% to 30 % (Goyal, 2006, p. 167). The primary reason for India’s financial change is to eventually â€Å"integrate Indian economy with world economy† (Singh, 1995, p. 36).This progression and globalization of the economy can help take care of India’s serious issues of joblessness and destitution. India’s monetary change favors an increasingly open and market orientated economy (G oyal, 2006, p. 166). India’s new financial structure copies the principals of neo-liberal Hyperglobalism. Neo-liberal Hyperglobalism â€Å"celebrates the worldwide predominance of market principals over state power† (Lofgren and Sarangi, 2009, pg. 70). This implies choices about allotment, creation and appropriation in the economy are left to the worldwide economy as opposed to the administration. Burke, Devetak and George, 2008, p. 299). States are progressively the ‘decision-takers' and not the ‘decision-producers' (Goldblatt, Held, McGrew and Perraton, 1999). Three key terms that come out of neoliberalism are deregulation, advancement and privatization all of which India’s new financial arrangements draw on. Neo-liberal Hyperglobalism favors globalism as valuable procedure for a creating nation. The advantages that Neo-liberal Hyperglobalism can give are obvious in India. India’s ventures towards globalization through new monetary changes h ave created some huge advantages for the country.The privatization of specific state-possessed endeavors gives the legislature an expanded measure of money which they would then be able to spend on expanding their citizen’s personal satisfaction through expanded food supplies and the advancement of clinics, schools, foundation and so forth in destitution stricken locales. The household economy has been opened up from state control, for all intents and purposes annulling state imposing business model in all segments (Panagariya, 2001). This has lead to more noteworthy rivalry in enterprises; bringing about lower costs, a more noteworthy flexibly of merchandise which benefits the residents (Goyal, 2006, p. 68). Another progression towards globalization that has demonstrated useful for India is the choice to permit outside direct interest in the Indian business. The immense measures of remote speculation that presently enter India have fundamentally supported the country’ s economy. Numerous remote organizations have set up enterprises in India, principally in pharmaceutical, BPO, oil, assembling and compound parts, which have made more noteworthy work open doors for Indian individuals, diminishing joblessness and destitution (Dwivedi, 2009).A further advantage of globalization because of outside interest in India is the trend setting innovation that the outside organizations carry with them (Dwivedi, 2009). Headways in medication which improve the wellbeing of residents is a model how turning out to be all the more innovatively progressed can be advantageous for the nation. The financial changes that lessen custom duties and evacuate limitations on imports bolster the principals of neo-liberal Hyperglobalism. That will be that measures ought to be taken that permit exchange and money to have unlimited development (Burke et. al. , 2010).Removing charges and shares can build global exchange which turn increments financial rivalry. Rivalry was overflow ing in the economy, after India’s monetary change, as more imports were supported (Balakrishnan, 2004). Fares likewise altogether expanded as nations turned out to be all the more ready to acknowledge India’s items because of the decreases in custom taxes (Goyal, 2006, p. 170). This improved connection among India and its exchanging accomplices can empower low costs, lessen joblessness through the formation of more employments and instigate improved living standards.Improved connections among created and lacking economies can end up being beneficial and incredibly significant for creating nations particularly when future approaches must be arranged. Generally speaking, the financial changes started in India since 1991 has helped the Indian economy to develop at a quicker rate and prompted monetary combination, control of expansion, and expanded outside venture and innovation (Goyal, 2006). The changes expected to lliberalise and globalize the household economy have hel ped support GDP development rates, which expanded from 5. 6% in 1990-91 to a pinnacle level of 77. % in 1996-97 (Balakrishnan, 2004). The new financial strategies have additionally demonstrated to increment citizen’s expectations for everyday comforts with expanded work openings and a reduction in destitution from 36% in 1993-94 to 26. 1% in 1999-2000 (Fox, 2002). The new approaches can be utilized to additionally bolster the country’s residents and build up the nation. The Indian government’s system to globalize their economy has uncovered that globalization can be helpful to a creating nation by supporting the country to a progressively good budgetary position. Notwithstanding, there are likewise negative impacts of globalisation.A huge negative impact is the expansion in imbalance that can emerge from globalization. There have been contentions that express an expansion in GDP can in truth increment pay imbalance. â€Å"Wealth is as yet packed in the hands of a couple of people and a typical man in a creating nation is yet to perceive any significant advantages of globalization† (Lovekar, 2010). Likewise global partnerships (MNC) can exacerbate pay disparity by creating occupations and delivering merchandise that principally advantage the most extravagant segment of the populace (Positive and Negative Effects of Multinational Corporations, 2010).This implies that the more extravagant are getting more extravagant and the more unfortunate are getting more unfortunate. Numerous representatives are working in horrendous conditions where immaterial wellbeing and security guidelines apply. This is a case of globalization can build up an exploitative nature. Besides, â€Å"the showcase economy is by all accounts increasingly focused on the development of industrialism to draw in the high salary bunches who are for the most part in the urban areas in the creating countries† (Malik, 2010, p. 4). The globalization methodology gave li ttle consideration to the rustic economy and the horticultural area, which is basically the foundation of the Indian economy.The agribusiness part is a significant supplier of food and sustenance to the individuals just as crude materials to businesses and to send out exchange (Malik, 2010). A further effect the globalization system has had on agribusiness division is the lessening of agriculture’s share in GDP, which has brought about a diminishing of the per capita salary of the ranchers and an expansion of country obligation (Malik, 2010). India’s period of changes display numerous subjects that are equal those of Neo-liberal Hyperglobalism.Since 1991, India has encountered the solid advance of neoliberalism (Lofgren and Sarangi, 2009). The new monetary changes show a solid development towards deregulation, privitisation and progression of the Indian economy. These three variables are on the whole instances of neoliberalism (Burke et. al. , 2010). A neo-liberal hype rglobalist state would accept that as opposed to the administration attempting to direct and control the market through severe arrangements, the legislature should make strategies to oblige and open up the market.India’s new approaches show the government’s eagerness to receive this reasoning and it is through this reasoning has checked India’s ventures towards the â€Å"real incorporation of the Indian economy into the worldwide economy† (Malik, 2010, p. 1). At the end of the day India is making strides towards globalization. India is a case of how the globalization of a creating nation can be sure and advantageous. Despite the fact that there are some ominous impacts, for example, pay imbalance, the general advantages a creating nation can get from globalization exceed the negatives.India has demonstrated how applying neo-liberal hyperglobalist principals to the household economy of a nation can end up being profitable. With a more prominent spotlight o n further building up a globalized economy, creating nations can mean to expand the working and expectations for everyday comforts for the country’s residents and along these lines become a sound and wealthier state. An increasingly liberal and worldwide market can accomplish improved expectations for everyday comforts and riches through the advancement of rivalry, proficiency, efficiency, mechanical upgradation and development (Singh, 1995).Hence I accept, similar to a hyperglobalist, that globalization is useful for a creating nation. References Balakrishnan, C. (2004). Impac

Rap vs Country free essay sample

Complexity Assignment: Comparison/Music is genuinely an American imaginative creation that we all ought to be pleased with. Tragically, we have two music types which In their beginnings were thought as a Fly by Night craftsmanship. On account of the solid help, given by the devoted people who began these works of art; we are as yet honored with an inventive resourcefulness of music called Rap, Country Western. There are numerous similitudes among rap and nation western (CW).Primarily, the two classes of music have a solid history, efferent kinds of their music, and a remarkable utilization of the entertainer and Instruments, and on occasion the two of them sentiment the other gender. On one hand, the historical backdrop of rap music started in the early ass and its inceptions and impacts originated from well known African American and Latino Street culture of New York City. This exceptionally unique and Innovative methodology showed another extended capacity for the MAC (amplifier controller or emcee) and featured stunning percussion riffs and other cadenced drum parts from well known funk and disco music . We will compose a custom paper test on Rap versus Country or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In a similar way, Country ; Western music which was initially called Hillbillys Music which Is a mix of rotational and famous melodic structures customarily found In the Southeastern United States. It advanced quickly in the backtalk and will praise the century mark soon. The term blue grass music picked up notoriety in the backtalk when the prior term hillbillys music came to be viewed as disparaging. Notwithstanding, in the Southwestern United States another rancher turn was added to this Incredible music which later turned into the western music of the term nation and western.It was broadly grasped In the 2 backtalk yet lost its force however recovered it in the mid asss. Despite the fact that, accounts re solid and extraordinary; the two have different similitudes, for example, numerous types of music. Old performance Rap Is portrayed as the start of recorded hip jump music between the long stretches of 1979-1984. It finished around 1981 when Cool Moe Dee utilized an increasingly mind boggling style to neglected; an at that point, pompous Busy Bee at a Harlem night club. With the rise of Public Enemy (P. E. ), Boogie Down Productions, and Eric B. Amp; Rake; the music had a solid Jazz Influence just as numerous examples of James Browns songs. Of these verses, from this period, Chuck Doff P. E. Shown his insubordinate disposition with, l got a letter from the administration, recently, I wrote and read it, it said they were SUCKS! Following, the afro-driven period, Gangs Rap surfaces which mirrored a fierce ways of life of Inner-city dark young people. It was spearheaded by rappers like Schools D, Ice T, and by bunches like N. W. A. Moreover, Country and Western likewise has various sorts such Bluegrass, Hillbillys Boogie, and Honks Ton.Bluegrass which is known as mountain dweller its string band music that rose up out of craftsman like Bill Monroe, Lester Flat, and Earl Shrugs. Second, It has Hillbillys Boogie that got remarkable with the Dolmen Brothers Freight Train Boogie, and other craftsman like Tennessee Ernie Ford when they joined advancement of 1 OFF Honks Ton which was unequivocally impacted by Hank Williams. Its a stripped down and crude music with an assortment of dispositions and my preferred verses from a melody of his is, Hank for what reason do you drank; for what reason do you move smokes. Presently, as I move from the numerous types of music; Ill spotlight on their extraordinary utilization of the entertainer, instruments, and verses. 3 From a Rap heads point of view, this remarkable melodic ability utilizes a MAC to get the move floor Hyped and to present the Ads as he played out his innovative turntable aptitudes hen he utilizes those astounding percussion riffs and musical drum breaks! For example, when the Spooning Gee stated, Wave your deliver the air; Wave them like you just dont care; on the off chance that you come to party and get down, at that point someone state Oh better believe it Oh no doubt and the last Oh definitely was said by the crowd!It may not be conventional instruments yet it is a strategy to play music. In spite of the fact that, Country music utilizes instrument it has its own unmistakable bits of gear, for example, a fundamental group of guitars, for example, the bass, dobra or steel guitar and later the drums and a twang sound when the tunes were sang. Hank Williams sound which would later be called conventional nation impact would end up being huge, motivating a large number of the pioneers of awesome, for example, Elvis Presley and Jerry Lee Lewis, while giving a structure to rising Honks Ton abilities like George Jones. As I proceed, Ill spotlight on the similitude in their verses beginning with Country. For instance, Hank Williams Going Hunting Tonight verses says, Now those large 01 lovely wildcats, Are the thoughtful that are difficult to follow, Cause the Joint is creeping with different trackers, And the she-feline is turning around. At that point, you have AL Cool J saying, When I am distant from everyone else in my room onetime I gaze at the divider and in the rear of my psyche; I hear my cognizant call. Revealing to me I need a young lady whos sweet as a pigeon; just because, in my life, I see I need love.Basically, these two noble men of various type of music are anticipating something very similar To sentiment the other gender. Taking everything into account, at that point, as I recommended prior, Rap and Country Western are basically comparative. Both offer a solid history, numerous types of music, a one of a kind utilization of the entertainers and 4 instruments, and they have verses to sentiment the other gender. Some would state that Country Western is a genuine type of music. In any case, what about Rap? More often than not, Rap and CW are both on a similar plain.

Should My Child Prepare for Both the SAT and ACT Exams

As the owner of a test preparation and tutoring company I am often asked this question by parents. Of course parents want to make sure their child has every advantage when applying to college. And the current, highly competitive, college admissions landscape makes even some mild-mannered parents get a little panicky. So what to do? At A+, we generally do not recommend preparing for both exams. The reason we counsel against preparing for both exams is that while they are similar, there are enough differences between the exams that trying to prepare for both can be quite confusing and can divert energy and attention away from preparing. Therefore we suggest that students take a practice ACT exam, which we offer to families free, either in your home or at one of our three proctored exam sites throughout the Delaware Valley. We will score the exam for you and give you a detailed ACT score report, detailing the student’s strengths and weaknesses on the exam. Then we can compare the student’s ACT score with the score report provided with either the PSAT, from either sophomore or junior year, or SAT. By looking at the scores from the ACT side-by-side with those from either the PSAT or SAT, along with the detailed information gleaned from the score reports and information you provide about your child, we can determine which exam is a better fit. At that point you can be confident that you have chosen the correct exam for your child, and he or she can put full effort towards preparing, without having to worry about the confusion of having to prepare for two different exams.

Justice and Moral Development - 925 Words

The concept of justice is something that helps to guide most individuals in that they believe in this concept to make a loss better. Many individuals will see law enforcement agencies, especially the officers that work for an agency, to be the tool that will be used to garner their justice. Kohlberg’s stages of moral development theory can help to explain criminal behavior in that a criminal that acts out for a particular reason will not be able to understand the stages that are beyond the one that they are in, such as only being interested in pleasing themselves. Using this information, a plan of deterrence can be made for criminals and arrive at justice for the victims and their families involved. The concept of justice can mean†¦show more content†¦This type of program would almost need to be able to deprogram the positives from the negative lifestyles that they are living. An effective and ethical method of deterrence for the vigilante killer would be incapacitation as the person had committed one of the gravest crimes in taking a life or lives. Of course, the person that was killed may be seen by society as potentially deserving to this fate, but it goes against the concept of justice as that person will have family members that love them the same as the original victims. Each of these types of deterrence can not only assist the criminal in being able to either be punished for what they have done or learn to change their way, but will also provide the victims of the crimes with justice. References Heilbrun Jr., A. B., amp; Georges, M. (1990). The measurement of principled morality by the Kohlberg Moral Dilemma Questionnaire. Journal of Personality Assessment, 55(1/2), 183. Nidich, R. J., Nidich, S. I., amp; Alexander, C. N. (2005). Moral Development and Natural Law. Journal Of Social Behavior amp; Personality, 17(1), 137-149. Rest, J., Turiel, E., amp; Kohlberg, L. (1969). Level of moral development as a determinant of preference and comprehension of moral judgments made by others. Journal Of Personality, 37(2), 225.Show MoreRelatedAbstract. Lawrence Kohlberg’S’ Theory Of Moral Development1574 Words   |  7 PagesLawrence Kohlberg’s’ theory of Moral development suggests that moral development regards justice concerns as developmentally more advanced than interpersonal considerations. Kohlberg’s theory consists of three different levels and six stages that determines what stage a person is in according to their responses in a moral dilemma. I will discuss the research study between Mexican Americans and Anglo-Americans and gender differences when it comes to decision making in moral dilemmas. I will discuss howRead MoreFeminist Thought and Ethics of Care Essay993 Words   |  4 Pagesfocus on justice, care, an equally valid moral perspective, is usually disregarded because of male bias. 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Some people, like Bair, think that women base their moral perspectives on merely trust and love and men base theirs on justice. Friedman points out that care and justice coincide . People use justice to decide what is appropriate in caring relationships and care is brought into account when determining what is just. Since these two moral perspectives correspond, genderRead MoreMoral And Social Developments Of Children1337 Words   |  6 PagesThe moral and social developments of children in their first years of life are critical. Children go through many stages that influence their lives such as family, school, friends and technologic or the media. During infancy, children learn from the people around them to recognize the good and bad in this way begin to form their idea of morality. Researchers like as Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg carefully studied moral reasoning of children and girls. 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These changes were implemented by the desire to have a justice system which is sensitive and responsive to the needs of minors.† Moreover, the juvenile justice system focused on the dynamic behavioral and environmental factors which motivate juveniles to commit a crime. As such, much weight has been given to the fact that minors lack moral and cognitive responsibility for their crimesRead MoreEssay about What is a child1374 Words   |  6 Pagessociologists to examine childhood. This essay will attempt to discuss three major approaches: 1) a scientific approach tries to study this objectively by observation and experimentation to prove a theory. This essay will discuss Kohlberg’s theory of â€Å"Moral development†. It will not include Piaget’s theory as Kohlberg’s theory used Paiget’s theory as a building block to his theory. 2) A social constructio nist approach studies this by exploring social and cultural beliefs. The two discourses are the Romantic

The Issue Of Legalization Of Marijuana - 1605 Words

â€Å"The illegality of cannabis is outrageous, an impediment to full utilization of a drug which helps produce the serenity and insight, sensitivity and fellowship so desperately needed in this increasingly mad and dangerous world.† This was said by one of the most famous scientists in the United States known as Carl Sagan. Marijuana has been one of the most debated topics in the media today, and numerous years before. Altogether, this debate has raised many questions, yet with very few answers of whether the legalization of marijuana should be passed, and expressed throughout the nation as a whole. The fight for legalizing marijuana has embraced itself to see success. The legalization of marijuana is essential in society today for three reasons: failed prohibition does not work, profitable agricultural uses, and its imperative role in medicine. As shown throughout history, prohibition has never successfully worked here in the United States, and more than likely never will. The federal government has continuously tried to apply and use criminal penalties to prevent the use of marijuana use for several decades, but people still continue to use â€Å"natural herb.† Obesity is an epidemic, especially here within the states, killing people every year, yet the government has no power to regulate how much or how healthy something is for a citizen to eat it. According to Alternet.com, It is now believed to be known that â€Å"marijuana is used by more than 25 million people throughout theShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Legalization Of Marijuana Essay1857 Words   |  8 PagesLegalization of Marijuana The role that social policies have in the lives of every citizen cannot be understated, as the rules, regulations, and laws that govern our society provide the foundation off which our social welfare system operates. 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Even though, the use of cannabis was already prevalent in America at the time, the term â€Å"marihuana†Read MoreThe Issue Of Legalization Of Marijuana3672 Words   |  15 Pages​The reader will be informed on the conflict within the United States dealing with the possible legalization of marijuana. Steps have been taken over the years involving laws prohibiting marijuana as well as steps getting closer to legalization. This debate continues to be a large conflict amongst citizens and politicians that are for and against the legalization of marijuana throughout the United S tates. ​There are four key steps to the method of problem solving and negotiation that are explainedRead MoreThe Issue Of Marijuana Legalization1712 Words   |  7 PagesThe matters of marijuana Marijuana is still illegal in the eyes of the federal government but the states claim it is, in fact, legal for the states to openly practice recreational and medicinal usage of the drug. Now with many people sick the only other option after numerous prescriptions that make the people sicker marijuana given its pain releasing properties seems to be the only thing we can count on. Marijuana first dated euphoric use dates back to 2737 BC. Its use spread from China to IndiaRead MoreThe Prevailing Issues For And Against Legalization Of Marijuana1409 Words   |  6 PagesWhat are the prevailing issues for and against legalization of marijuana? Just because something is labelled as â€Å"illegal† does not mean it is bad. Likewise, when something is labelled as â€Å"legal† does not mean it is not bad. Throughout the progression of time, the Western outlook on Marijuana has changed drastically. A few decades ago, the idea of smoking Marijuana was perceived as a menace to the public and the discussion of legalizing Marijuana was greatly frowned upon. 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If something with a notoriously high capacity for abuse is forbidden but more and more exceptions are being made until everyone starts experimenting with it, we’ve got a prob lem on our hands. Although there are any number of reasons you can come with as to why marijuana should not beRead MoreShould Marijuana Legalization Be Legal?1532 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana Legalization Marijuana legalization is an issue that the United States is currently facing. Through all branches and aspects of government, the concept of marijuana legalization can be applied and understood. In order to better frame the policy issue, the policy should be viewed through different lenses and all aspects of government. In this essay, it will be shown how marijuana legalization truly incorporates all areas of government interest. First, the politics of marijuana legalization

Personal Attributes and Sports Participation free essay sample

There are also some gender ideologies suggesting that it is more likable if women participate in sports that are considered feminine and men participate in sports that are viewed as masculine. In this study, researchers proposed that gender is related to sports participation. The Sports Participation Model Questionnaire and the Personal Attributes Questionnaire were administered to 119 College of Arts and Sciences students of Silliman University who participated in the Intramurals. Results of the data gathered showed that there is a weak relationship between personal attributes and sports participation. According to an entrepreneur, RabisonShumba (2011), an individual is the sum total of his/her personal attributes. You can tell who a person is by assessing who they are and how they behave in given circumstances or situations. As observers, we try to understand what caused a behavior through the individual’s personal attributes; likewise we try to predict what the behavior will be with the individual’s personal attributes. This is also true in sports. As spectators in a sports activity, we relate the outcome of the game with the players’ personal attributes, such as gender, age, skills, etc. , so to understand what caused that outcome. We also try to predict the behavior or performance of the player based on his/her personal attributes. Last year, Silliman University showcased sports activities through the Intramurals. Intramural sports activities include ball games such as basketball, softball, volleyball, table and lawn tennis; it also includes swimming, track and field, and so on. Students, both male and female, who participated in the events, possess varying personal attributes and their attitudes towards sports participation might widely vary due to their personal attributes. A specific personal attribute which this study looked into is gender. When people discuss gender relations and sports, they usually focus on issues related to fairness and equity, as well as to ideology and culture (Coakly, 2001). In this research, however, the researchers looked deeper into the subject of the participants’ gender and how their gender is related to their attitude towards sports participation in the Intramurals. Review of Related Literature Sports are defined as institutionalized competitive activities that involve rigorous physical exertion or the use of relative complex physical skills by participants motivated by internal and external rewards (Coakly, 2001). Sport participation on a regular basis has been shown to have positive effects on physical health, psychological enhancement, stress reactivity, and mental well-being, such as reduced depression, anxiety, tension and stress, and increased vigor and clear-mindedness (Koivula, 1999). Participation in sports activities, as long as it is organized with knowledge and skill, can bring not only better health but also discipline, self-awareness, self-confidence, independence and leadership skills. Individuals who participate will often start to feel stronger both physically and psychologically. From a social point of view, they gain experience with teamwork, negotiating, planning, winning and losing. Sport also yields up social networks (Noorani, 2008). There are a variety of sports played in a variety of settings. Sports may be used as a recreation, as a means to exercise and to socialize. One of the many settings in which sports are involved is during the Intramurals, which is the event highlighted in this study. According to the American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation or AAHPER (1964), Intramural sports are scheduled competitive and recreational activities organized within a specific community or municipal area, between teams of equivalent age or athletic ability. Intramural activities are offered for both men and women. For most schools and campuses, intramural sports are used to promote wellness and allow students who do not compete on a national level an opportunity to be active as well as to promote fun among students. Intramural sports make an important contribution to the life of today’s college student. It helps young men and women to develop socially, emotionally, and physically as well as adding directly to their educational experiences. It encouraged the continued pattern of physical activity which is so essential to the well-being of our community (AAHPER, 1964). Further, according to AAHPER (1964), objectives of intramurals are truly educational. Some are for immediate satisfaction, such as wholesome achievement, making friends, and good fellowship; others reasons are for the improvement of health, development of personality, ability to meet effectively mental and emotional stresses, and the acquisition of life-long leisure-time skills. Our changing cultural pattern stimulated a greater interest in sports participation by both men and women. And with the development of the field of sport psychology, comes a growing interest and concern over gender differences in the involvement of different sports (Eccles, 1991). According to Loveday (2007), a journalist, gender is a term that is not easily defined. It is a term that has great impact and is possibly one of the most debated issues in modern times. Gender has a different meaning in each society and also carries with it a time element. As time goes on, one society’s definition of gender will change. The term gender has traditionally been used to designate psychological, social and cultural aspects of maleness and femaleness. For example, gender can be defined as the amount of femininity and masculinity found in a person. Given this perspective, there are two genders, masculine and feminine (Kessler McKenna, 1973). The practice of sport is related to a number of assumptions about work and leisure, which are often lived differently by men and women. Women and men tend to engage in different types of physical activity and their attitudes towards sport may be very different (Sever, 2005). In a study conducted by Tomik (2008) on adolescent attitudes towards sport depending on school level, gender and school sports club membership, it was found that more positive attitudes towards physical education and sport were observed among boys than girls. But how does one form the attitude he/she has towards sport? According to Jarvis (2006), there are several factors that influence the formation of one’s attitude towards sports. For one, attitudes towards sports are influence by personality and genes. People high in extroversion and psychoticism tend to have pro-sport attitudes (Jarvis, 2006; Eysenck, 1982). According to Jarvis (2006) and Eysenck (1989), Personality is primarily determined by genetic factors. It is certainly conceivable that genes may influence sporting attitudes. This is not to say that there is a gene for liking sport, but if some aspects of personality are inherited, it may be that we can inherit a predisposition for developing certain kinds of attitudes (p. 62). Other factors that influence the formation of one’s attitude towards sports are through social learning, through parent’s involvement and through the individual’s desire for health and physique enhancement. In social learning, children tend to observe and imitate the behavior of their role models. Thus children are likely to adapt to attitudes in sports they see in their parents (Jarvis, 2006). In parent’s involvement, the extent to which parents actively get involved in children’s sporting activities can affect their attitude to sport. But very high or very low levels of involvement were associated with reduced satisfaction with sport and increase stress levels (Jarvis, 2006). Lastly, in the individual’s desire for health and physique enhancement, the formation of attitude towards sports is influenced through the increasing social pressure on people of all ages and both sexes to maintain a particular body type that is characterized by low fat mass and high muscle mass as well as genuine concern about the rapid rising rates of child and adult obesity and the accompanying health problems pressure people to use sport and exercise to manage weight and fitness (Jarvis, 2006). In other studies, culture also influences the formation of one’s attitude towards sports. The notion of sport as a very masculine activity probably influences quite strongly the way in which men and women view sport (Koivula, 1999). Organized sports are closely tied with the separation between what is correct for women and men to participate in (Ziegler, 2009). Gender differences are exaggerated to a visible extreme. Men generally compete in sports that require muscle and strength such as football, hockey, soccer and basketball, while women generally compete in sports that require flexibility and finesse such as ice skating, gymnastics, cheerleading and tennis. Thus, a sport is considered manly if it requires muscles and strength and is considered womanly if it requires flexibility and finesse (Loveday, 2007). Basically, this gender ideology suggest that it is more likable if women participate in sports that are considered feminine and men participate in sports that are viewed as masculine. However, women do compete in sports that require strength and muscle and some men also compete in sports that require flexibility and finesse. A 2005 analysis of 46 meta-analyses that were conducted during the last two decades of the 20th century underscores that men and women are basically alike in terms of personality, cognitive ability and leadership (American Psychological Association, 2005). According to Loveday (2007): Although both men and women can and do participate in both types of sporting events it is consistently viewed as not womanly or not manly to be an athlete in an event that men or women dont generally compete in. Therefore, when a man pursues ice skating or gymnastics, he loses a lot of his manliness in the eyes of others. When a woman pursues a sport such as basketball or soccer, she loses a lot of her womanliness in the eyes of others (p. 2). The segregation between femininity and masculinity is very evident in sports that it does not come as a surprise as to why various researches about gender and the other subjects that are correlated to it still arise even up to today. Mentioned above were studies on sports by Eccles (1991), Koivula (1991), and Jarvis (2006) that demonstrate the correlation of sports with gender, age, attitude, personality, motivation, and culture. In this study, e will investigate the relationship of the participants’ gender and their attitude towards sports participation. Theoretical Framework A theory by Fritz Heider (1944) demonstrates the intent of every human being is to explain her or his own actions in terms of their perceived causes (Cox, 1998). This theory is called Attribution Theory (Figure 1. ). However, as viewed by Weiner (1985) and Roberts (1982), attributio n theory is far more than a lay person’s theory of perceived motivation. It is a complex theory in which perceived attributions viewed as greatly influencing a person’s actions, feelings, confidence, and motivation. How an athlete feels about herself or himself is directly related to the athlete’s perception of cause and effect (Cox, 1998). Personal Force (Internal) Effort Ability Can (or cannot) Behavioral Outcome Task difficulty Luck Environmental Force (External) Figure 1. Model of Causal Attribution. According to the model of causal attribution, outcomes are attributed internally to the person (personal force) or externally to the environment (environmental force). Effective personal force is composed of the attributional factors ability and effort, while effective environmental force is composed of the attributional factors task difficulty and luck. According to Heider (1944), an interaction occurs between personal force of ability and the environmental force of task difficulty that yields a separate dimension referred to as can (or cannot). This is sensible suggestion. If a task is difficult and yet is accomplished, it must be due to great ability. However, depending on the difficulty of the task and the ability of the subject, several other attributions can give rise to the can (or cannot) dimension (Cox, 1998). One factor that also contributes to the environmental force is luck that can favorably and unfavorably change an outcome in an unsystematic way (Cox, 1998). All these factors (effort, ability, task difficulty, and luck) combine to result in a behavioral outcome. The theory in relation to personal attributes, specifically gender, and sports participation suggests that the impact of success and self-belief in one’s ability depends on the causal attribution made for the success or failure. Attributing success to ability and effort is predicted to have better psychological consequences than attributing successes to luck, task difficulty or external help. Thus, the theory also views that females and males have different ways of how they can increase their skill in various sports. In relation with this study, researchers proposed that gender is the internal force and that the attitude towards sports participation is the behavioral outcome. Conceptual Framework Given Fritz Heider (1944) theoretical background which is the Attribution Theory and with the reviewed related literature regarding sports participation, the researchers were able to construct the personal attributes and sports participation model (figure 2). Personal Attributes * Gender Sports Participation (Intramural) Figure 2. Gender and Sports Participation model. The figure illustrates that personal attributes give rise to sports participation of an individual. The model suggests that the intention of an individual is to point out the individuals’ actions in terms of their effort and ability. Statement of the Problem Silliman University had already organized many Intramurals sports activities, ranging from ball games to swimming and others. Students of Silliman University, both male and female, who participated in the events, usually have different reasons as to why they join the Intramural. In this research, researchers looked into these two variables, personal attribute and sports participation, so as to answer the questions: 1. What are the personal attributes of the participants? 2. What is the manner of sports participation of the participants? 3. Is there a relationship between the between the participants’ personal attributes and their sports participation? Hypotheses The following were the proposed research hypotheses: H1: There is a relationship between gender and attitudes towards sports participation of College of Arts and Sciences players in Silliman University ntramural. H0: There is no relationship between gender and attitudes towards sports participation of College of Arts and Sciences players in Silliman University intramural. Significance of the Study With the studies demonstrating the benefits of habitual participation in sports, one might believe that most people take part regularly in some form of sport, unfortunately, due to some gender ideolo gy in sports, this is not the case. The ideology that some sports are considered masculine- meant only for men, and some sports are feminine- meant only for women, produces negative attitudes. Through this study, researchers may be able to instill in people a positive attitude towards sports and to eradicate the wrong impressions derived from some gender ideologies. CHAPTER II Methodology This chapter describes the variables, the participants, research instruments, procedures of the study and statistical analysis use for the study. Variables In this study, researchers investigated a particular personal attribute which is gender or the masculinity or femininity of an individual and it’s relation to the individual’s sports participation which involved his/her attitude towards sports. Participants The participants of this study were Intramural players from the College of Arts and Sciences in Silliman University. The participants comprised of different year levels that joined in any sports event during the Intramurals. It was recorded that 170 College of Arts and Sciences students participated. With the use of Slovin’s formula, the researchers were able to come up with a sample number of 119 participants. These 119 participants were randomly selected from the list of the population. Instruments This study made use of a 94-item questionnaire integrated from the Personal Attributes Questionnaire or PAQ (Spence, HelmreichStapp, 1973) and the Sport Participation Model Questionnaire or SPMQ (AicinenaEldridge, 2002). Personal Attributes Questionnaire (PAQ). It is used to determine the sex-typing of personality. Its two scales (expressivity and instrumentality), measure the degree to which a person can be classified according to masculine or feminine adjectives. Expressivity is associated with feminine behaviors or characteristics, which may include understanding, sympathetic, affectionate, compassionate, tender, sensitive, warm and shy. Conversely, Instrumentality is associated with masculine behaviors or characteristics such as being independent, ambitious, assertive, aggressive, competitive, and risk taking. Although the behaviors or characteristics are associated to femininity or masculinity, it does not connote that femininity is strictly for women and masculinity associated only to men but that masculinity and femininity could be associated to both men and women. Thus, we may be able to have results of masculine male, feminine male, masculine female and feminine female. The PAQ is a 24-item self-report questionnaire in which people are asked to indicate the extent to which they can be characterized in terms of various adjectives traits. The items are divided into three parts, eight items for masculinity, eight items for femininity and the other eight items were originally designed to measure another construct, androgyny, but the measure has generally been abandoned (Smith, n. d. ). For example, a person responding to the questionnaire was asked to indicate, using a scale like that shown below, the extent to which they see themselves as independent. Not all independentABCDEVery independent Wherein A is not at all independent, E is very independent, and C if the participant is in the medium. The items will be scored in the following manner: A = 0, B = 1, C = 2, D = 3, E = 4. To compute the score on femininity subscale of the PAQ, add up the numbers next to items 3, 7, 8, 9, 12, 15, 21, and 22. To compute the scores n the masculinity subscale of the PAQ, add up the numbers next to items 2, 6, 10, 16, 17, 19, 20, and 24. So if an individual has high score in femininity but has a low score in masculinity that individual is feminine. And if, an individual garners high score in masculinity and has a low score in femininity that individual then is masculine. If an individual has a high score in femininity and masculinity, that individual then is androgynous. Conversely , if an individual has a low score in both femininity and masculinity, that individual then is undifferentiated. Yet most researchers keep the full 24-item scale intact even though they dont score the androgyny and differentiated subscale (Smith, n. d. ). In our study, we make use of the PAQ to determine the participants’ degree of femininity or masculinity. Sport Participation Model Questionnaire (SPMQ). The SPMQ, developed in 2002 by Aicinena and Eldridge, is a 70-item questionnaire, based upon the characteristics of the modified Power and Performance and Pleasure and Participation Models of sport. In the Power and Performance Model, strength, speed and power are emphasized. Excellence is demonstrated through success with winning serving as the greatest measure of success. Winning is valued more highly if hard work, dedication, sacrifice, risk and pain are evidenced. The body is viewed as a machine and participants should not be concerned with injury. Training should be technologically enhanced and scientific. A clear hierarchy of authority structures exists in the Power and Performance model. Players should be subordinate to coaches. Coaches are to be in control and it should be clear to observers that coaches are in control. Opponents are viewed as enemies. Only the best on a team should play. If an athlete is unskilled and allowed to play, it may cost the team a victory and this is unacceptable. In Pleasure and Participation Model, the primary purpose of participation active participation. Playing is the reason for an individual’s involvement in sport. There is a mind/body/spirit connection. Both the participant and the opponent are considered valued and needed. The participant’s control of his or her body and objects, skilled movement, and demonstration of cunning in the sport environment provide satisfaction. Domination and victory are not requisites of satisfaction. It is possible and desirable for the inclusion of the weak and unskilled. Accommodations are acceptable in terms of rules modifications. Decisions and power are shared in a cooperative manner between coaches and athletes. There is give and take between coaches and athletes (AicinenaEldridge, 2002). The SPMQ is composed of thirty-five statements reflecting a Power and Performance perspective and thirty-five contrasting statements reflective of a Pleasure and Participation orientation. The 70) statements were randomly placed by the authors within the final questionnaire. Subjects are to either agree or disagree with each statement. Subjects are instructed that responses should reflect how they feel about youth sport and school sport, not professional and international sport. Below is a sample item from the instrument: Winning is not the most significant measure of success in the sport experience. Agree ___ Disagree ___ Scoring the SPMQ consisted of awarding a point for every Power and Performance statement that the subject agreed with and for every Pleasure and Participation statement the subject disagreed with. A score reflecting a purely Pleasure and Participation orientation would have been 0. A score reflecting an exclusively Power and Performance orientation on all statements would have been 70. We make use of this test to determine the participants’ attitudes towards sport participation whether it is for Pleasure and Participation or for Power and Performance. Procedure The research was be formally conducted a week after the Intramurals so to diminish if not to avoid extraneous variables. The researchers contacted the participants and inform them of the study and set an agreeable date to conduct the research. The survey questionnaires were given to the participants on the agreed date and were collected afterwards. Statistical Analysis In this study, researchers made use of the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient or Pearson correlation coefficient for short in the treatment of data. Pearson correlation coefficient is a measure of the strength of a linear association between two variables and is denoted by r. Basically, a Pearson product-moment correlation attempts to draw a line of best fit through the data of two variables, and the Pearson correlation coefficient, r, indicates how far away all these data points are to this line of best fit or how well the data points for this new model of best fit.

Ways to Reduce Global Warming

Introduction Global warming refers to â€Å"the rising average temperature of the earth’s atmosphere and oceans† (Houghton, 2004, p. 14). The rise in the temperature of the atmosphere began towards the end of the nineteenth century and is expected to continue rising. This report has been written due to the adverse effects associated with global warming.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Ways to Reduce Global Warming specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Scientists have proved that increase in global warming is a direct threat to human life and all other organisms that live on the earth’s surface and water bodies. The negative effects of global warming include climatic changes which in turn reduce food supply and cause destruction to ecosystems and habitats (Maslin, 2007, p. 34). The objectives of this report are to identify the causes of global warming, to highlight the expected effects of global w arming and to identify ways of reducing global warming. The scope of this report is limited to the natural causes of global warming, as well as, the causes attributed to human activity. Additionally, the report will cover the existing and potential effects of global warming on all living organisms. Procedures The data or information used in this report was collected through a review of existing literature on global warming. Consequently, a number of primary and secondary data sources were used. The primary sources included research findings published or posted on websites of leading research institutions such as NASA. Secondary data sources included textbooks and journal articles on global warming. The information posted on research institutions’ websites was chosen due to its reliability and ease of access. Institutions such as NASA are renowned for excellent research on climatic and geological matters. Thus, their findings can be considered reliable. Similarly, information from textbooks and journal articles are reliable since they are normally verified before being published. The selected data sources dates from 2001 to 2011. The search results from websites were quite positive in terms of quantity and quality of information, as well as, ease of access. However, accessing data from textbooks and journals was limited by access restrictions to databases and libraries. Analysis of Findings Causes of Global Warming In general, the findings of the research indicate that global warming is attributed to natural phenomena and human activities. The main findings on the causes of global warming can, thus, be explained as follows.Advertising Looking for report on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More External Forcing External forcing are those â€Å"processes that are external to the climate, but influence the climate system† (Weart, 2008, p. 45). The main types of external forcing include volcanic activity, changes in the earth’s orbit and solar luminosity. These processes â€Å"affect the climate by changing the composition of the atmosphere† (Elliot, 2008, p. 67). Changes in solar luminosity and increase in volcanic activities in the nineteenth and twentieth century are the main causes of recent climatic changes (Weart, 2008, p. 47). Changes in the earth’s orbit have significant but slow effect on climate change. This is attributed to the fact that changes in the earth’s orbit takes place over a very long period of time. Thus, the effects might not be felt immediately. Currently, the orbit cycle is expected to be at a cooling stage which should cause an ice age. Contrary to the expectations, empirical research reveals a rapid increase in global temperatures. The sudden increase in temperatures is an indication of global warming. Particulates and Soot Volcanic activities and pollution caused by human beings releases particulates into the atmosphere. The particulates reflect sunlight away from the earth, thereby causing a cooling effect (Dinar, 2009, p. 63). The cooling effect leads to a process referred to as global dimming. Global dimming refers to a steady decline in direct irradiance on the surface of the earth. Soot can cause either cooling or warming effects. Soot usually absorbs solar radiation, thereby heating the atmosphere and cooling the earth surface (Leroux, 2005, p. 67). Greenhouse Gases Greenhouse effect occurs when â€Å"absorption and emission of infrared radiation by atmospheric gases warm the earth’s lower atmosphere and surface† (Hardy, 2003, p. 74). The main greenhouse gases that cause global warming include water vapor, carbon dioxide, ozone and methane (Metz, 2010, p. 98). The amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is mainly increased by human activities such as burning fossil fuels. Increase in deforestation has also led to significant increase in the amount of car bon dioxide in the atmosphere (Saddlerback, 2009, p. 56). Greenhouse gases can also be released into the atmosphere through volcanic eruptions. Solar Activity Variations in the â€Å"amount of solar energy reaching the earth’s surface have also contributed to global warming and climate change† (Mary, 2009, p. 68). Rapid increase in solar activities has warming effects on the stratosphere. This observation has been explained by the fact that the sun’s magnetic activity normally deflects cosmic rays (Haldar, 2011, p. 79). As a result, formation of cloud condensation nuclei is reduced, thereby causing climatic changes.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Ways to Reduce Global Warming specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Feedback Feedback is a situation whereby a change in one quantity leads to changes in a second quantity and vice versa (Elliot, 2008, p. 122). Thus, feedback has the potential of ampli fying or diminishing any process that cause global warming. Water vapor feedback is considered to be positive while irradiative cooling is considered a negative feedback (Laurie, 2006, p. 47). Effects of Global Warming Significant rise in global temperature will result into proportionate rise in sea levels. Thus, the precipitation pattern will change and deserts will probably expand. Intense warming is expected to occur at the Arctic, thereby causing retreat of glaciers, sea ice, as well as, permafrost (Spencer, 2005, p. 89). Increase in warming is also expected to cause extreme weather conditions such as droughts, heavy rainfall, and heat waves. Warming and the underlying changes in climate will differ from one region to another. Scientists believe that human beings will not be able to survive if the global temperatures rise above the preindustrial levels by four degrees. Additionally, other species will be extinct in most parts of the world. The climatic changes associated with gl obal warming are likely to affect human beings and other species in the following ways. Health Climatic changes are likely to cause natural disasters such as severe floods, wildfires, heat waves and storms. These disasters will cause injuries and lose of many lives in many parts of the world (Brooman, 2001, p. 93). Predicting natural disasters such as floods is often very difficult. Thus, most countries are often caught unawares, and this leads to lose of many lives and destruction of other species. Increase in air temperatures encourages spread of diseases, which further threatens the survival of human beings. Food Supply Food supply heavily depends on the weather conditions such as rainfall, temperatures and humidity. Reduction in rainfall will lower food production since crops, livestock, as well as, fish can not survive without water (NRDC, 2011). As temperatures increase, underground sources of water such as boreholes will dry up. Rivers and water reservoirs such as dams will a lso dry up. Thus, irrigation will not be possible. Lack of sufficient food supply will lead to low productivity and possibly extinction of mankind. Additionally, climatic changes are likely to affect water use. In particular, it will affect the quality, as well as, quantity of water for domestic and irrigation purposes. For instance, rising sea levels can cause contamination of coastal groundwater. Costs Climatic changes are not only costly to cope with, but also require a lot of time to manage. Disasters such as floods and wildfire cause destruction to infrastructure and property (Leroux, 2005, p. 117). Repairing the damaged infrastructure or building new ones normally cost a lot of money which might not be readily available. Besides, natural disasters attributed to climatic changes normally disrupt economic activities.Advertising Looking for report on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The injuries and diseases caused by such disasters also increase medical expenses. As food production decline due to changes in climate, the cost of food tends to increase. Additionally, many countries have had to set aside a significant amount of their financial resources to cater for any disasters that might arise from climatic changes. Land Use Global warming is expected to significantly change or limit land use. Precipitation will increase as the atmosphere holds more water due to warming. Land ices such as glaciers, and ice sheets will rapidly melt as global warming intensifies. Water from the melting ice coupled with expansion of sea water will lead to arise in sea level. The resulting impact will be a reduction of land surface area as water occupies more land space (Andress, 2010, pp. 51-64). Besides, the draughts caused by climatic changes will make a better part of land inhabitable. The habitats of other living organisms will also be destroyed. Ocean Chemistry Climatic chan ges will affect the ocean chemistry in a number of ways. For instance, it is likely to increase or decrease the salinity of the ocean, the level of acidity will increase and the supply of nutrients will reduce (Ashenfelter, 2011, pp. 143-148). These changes will negatively impact organisms that live in oceans and other water bodies such as rivers and lakes. Most of the species living in water bodies will, thus, become extinct. Mitigation Strategy In general, research findings reveal that global warming can not be reduced or stopped through a single solution. Consequently, a set of strategies or approaches must be used simultaneously in order to reduce emission of the greenhouse gases that cause global warming. The following strategies can be used to reduce global warming. Improving Energy Efficiency The energy used in homes, business premises, as well as, industries for heating or cooling purposes is one of the main causes of global warming. Thus, conserving energy through energy ef ficiency technologies become apparent. Such technologies facilitate the use of less energy to get the same level of service or production (Green-space international, 2011). Examples of energy efficiency technologies include the use of florescent tubes instead of regular bulbs. Greening Transportation The emission of greenhouse gases in the transport sector grows faster than in any other sector. The rapid rise in emissions in this sector is attributed to the increase in demand for transport services in the last decade. Reducing emissions in the transport sector can be achieved by reducing the amount of petrol used per mile by encouraging the use of fuel efficient cars, trains and aircrafts (Dauncy, 2001, p. 58). By switching to the use of low-carbon fuels, the emissions in the transport sector can be reduced significantly (NASA, 2012). Vehicle miles can be reduced by encouraging walking and cycling over short distances. Additionally, a reliable and fuel-efficient mass transportation system will help in reducing the number of cars in use. Thus, carbon emission will significantly reduce. Revitalizing the use Renewable Energy This involves encouraging the use of renewable sources of energy and discouraging or terminating the use of fossil fuel. Energy sources that can be renewed include solar, wind, as well as, geothermal power (NASA, 2012). Empirical studies reveal that the renewable energy sources have the ability to meet most countries’ energy needs. The use of nuclear power should also be encouraged since it involves less emission of greenhouse gases. Forests and Agriculture Deforestation and agricultural production account for approximately thirty percent of heat-trapping emissions. Consequently, global warming can be reduced by discouraging deforestation (Hardy, 2003, p. 231). Sustainable food production methods can also help in reducing global warming. Sustainable Development Both poor and developed countries contribute to climate change through emis sion of greenhouse gases. However, the developed countries have greater resources and technologies to fight global warming than developing countries. Thus, developed countries should assist developing countries to adopt low-carbon technologies through financial assistance (Elliot, 2008, p. 156). Conclusions The objective of this report was to indentify the causes of global warming, the effects of global warming and how to prevent global warming. The main conclusions that can be drawn from the investigation are that global warming is caused by human activities and natural occurrences. Human activities such as â€Å"burning fossil fuels and natural phenomena such as volcanic eruption emit greenhouse gases into the atmosphere† (Dinar, 2009, p. 51). As a result, the atmospheric temperature increases, thereby causing climatic changes (NASA, 2012). The changes in climate as a result of global warming are a direct threat to survival of human beings and other species. In particular, such climatic changes lead to destruction of habitats, increase in the spread of diseases and reduction of food supply. Given the adverse effects of global warming, reducing emission of greenhouse gases is highly recommended (Elliot, 2008, p. 158). This can be achieved by adopting energy efficiency technologies, focusing on sustainable development and encouraging the use of renewable energy. Self Evaluation The primary sources of data helped me to focus on the research topic by providing information on the most important aspects of global warming. For instance, having realized the significance of the effects of global warming through the primary sources, I decided to concentrate on the causes, effects and solutions to global warming. The internet sources and print items such as books were the most useful. The internet sources were useful since they had the latest information while the print sources had detailed information about the topic. The mitigation strategy is the most interes ting part of the report. This is because it enabled me to realize that global warming can be reduced. Thus, human beings and other species can be saved from extinction. This report has enabled me to acquire the skills needed to plan, design and complete a report in time. Students who intend to complete a similar report in future should focus on early planning and utilizing reliable sources of information in order to succeed. Given the difficulty in accessing some secondary sources of data such as textbooks, I may use a different method of collecting data in future. For instance, I may use interviews to collect data. References Andress, C., 2010. The Effects of Global Warming on Fisheries. Review of Industrial Agriculture 37(1), pp.51-64. Ashenfelter, J., 2011. Measuring the Economic Effects of Global Warming. Review of Industrial Warming 13(2), pp.143-148. Brooman, A., 2001. The Global Climate Change. New York: John Wiley and Sons. Dauncy, G., 2001. Stormy Weather. New York: John Wi ley and Sons. Dinar, I., 2009. Global Warming: Engineering Solutions. New York: Springer. Elliot, B., 2008. The Global Warming Combat Mannual. New York: Cengage Learning. Green-space International, 2011. Climate Solutions. Web. Haldar, I., 2011. Global Warming: The Causes and Effects. New York: McGraw-Hill. Hardy, J., 2003. Climate Change: Cause, Effects and Solutions. New York: John Wiley and Sons. Houghton, J., 2004. Global Warming. London: Cambrige University Press. Laurie, D., 2006. Stop Global Warming . New York: Cengage Learning . Leroux, M., 2005. Global Warming: Myths of Reality. Boston: Springer. Mary, E., 2009. Global Warming. New York: McGraw-Hill. Maslin, M., 2007. Global Warming: Causes, Effects and the Future. New York: MBI Publishers. Metz, L., 2010. What Can We Do About Global Warming. New York: John Wiley and Sons. NASA, 2012. Global Climate Change. Web. NRDC, 2011. Global Warming Solutions. Web. Saddlerback, J., 2009. Global Warming. Boston: Springer. Spencer, C., 2005. Global Warming: Personal Solutions for a Healthy Planet. Boston: Kogan. Weart, S., 2008. The Discovery of Global Warming. New York: Harvard University Press. 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